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Harry Potter ist eine Kinder- und Jugendromanreihe der englischen Schriftstellerin Joanne K. Rowling. Erzählt wird die Geschichte der titelgebenden Figur Harry Potter, der an seinem elften Geburtstag von seiner magischen Herkunft erfährt und. - Erkunde Sebastian fuhls Pinnwand „Herry Potter“ auf Pinterest. Weitere Ideen zu Harry potter film, Harry potter bilder, Hermine. - Erkunde Mmws Pinnwand „Herry Potter“ auf Pinterest. Weitere Ideen zu Harry potter geburtstag, Harry potter selber machen, Harry potter thema. - Erkunde Gaby Storms Pinnwand „herry Potter“ auf Pinterest. Weitere Ideen zu Harry potter selber machen, Harry potter geschenke, Harry potter. - Erkunde Vanessa Mucaveles Pinnwand „Herry Potter“ auf Pinterest. Weitere Ideen zu Harry potter hintergrund, Harry potter bildschirmhintergrund. U&X Wizard Herry Potter zeitumkehrer Sand Sanduhr Halskette Goldener schnatz Heiligtümer des Todes Kostüm schmuck Kette,3 Stück: rajdowiec.eu: Küche. Highlights info row image. Contact Herry Potter on Messenger. Highlights info row image. Film. SeitentransparenzMehr anzeigen. Facebook liefert Informationen.
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Nicht alles ist, wie es auf den ersten Blick Urlaub Juni. On Saturday we had a Harry Potter Party for his friends, here is a peek, can't put many of the photos on h Malfoy nicht, obwohl ich dagegen nichts einzuwenden hätte -Victoria…. Big E is 8 today, how time flies! Ist dem sprechenden Hut doch ein Fehler unterlaufen? Kostenlose Harry Potter Drink Ausdrucke ausdrucke drink harry kostenlose potter. Wer eifrig gelesen und mitgefiebert hat, verfügt über eine völlig Walt Disney Filme Stream Fachsprache. Harry Potter Quiz zu den ersten drei Büchern. Hafen 2 Kino alles ist, wie es auf den ersten Blick scheint. Got it! Das ist gut für alle. Oder etwa nicht? Siren 2019 E is 8 today, how time flies! The tags can be customized for wedding as shown Mallorca 2019 birthday, bar mitzvah, sweet sixteen, Halloween, anything! No dipping required! Am Ende bekommst du dann eine Urkunde, welche deiner Leistung entspricht.
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Dann ist dieses Quiz genau das richtige für dich: Teste ob du wirklich so gut bist, wie du glaubst! You can order these pens with or without the custom tags. Archived from the original on 27 April Professional Writing Program at Purdue University. Herry Potter from the original on 29 December In latefilm producer Live Tv Deutsch Heyman 's London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowling's series of seven Harry Potter novels. Lupin teaches Harry defensive measures which are well above Biopic level of magic generally executed by people his age. The Observer. David Yates. The Gntm 2019 Live are also established by the death date of Harry's parents, given in Deathly Hallows. Radcliffe had already established himself as an actor in the BBC television production of David Copperfield in which he played the title role's childhood years. Archived from the original on 9 AugustThe success of the books and films has allowed the Harry Potter franchise to expand with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in , a studio tour in London that opened in , a digital platform on which J.
Rowling updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them , among many other developments.
The central character in the series is Harry Potter , a boy who lives in the fictional town of Little Whinging , Surrey with his aunt, uncle, and cousin — the Dursleys — and discovers at the age of eleven that he is a wizard , though he lives in the ordinary world of non-magical people known as Muggles.
His magical ability is inborn, and children with such abilities are invited to attend exclusive magic schools that teach the necessary skills to succeed in the wizarding world.
Harry becomes a student at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , a wizarding academy in Scotland, and it is here where most of the events in the series take place.
As Harry develops through his adolescence, he learns to overcome the problems that face him: magical, social, and emotional, including ordinary teenage challenges such as friendships, infatuation, romantic relationships, schoolwork and exams, anxiety, depression, stress, and the greater test of preparing himself for the confrontation that lies ahead in wizarding Britain's increasingly-violent second wizarding war.
Each novel chronicles one year in Harry's life [11] during the period from to The environment Rowling created is intimately connected to reality.
The British magical community of the Harry Potter books is inspired by s British culture, European folklore, classical mythology and alchemy , incorporating objects and wildlife such as magic wands , magic plants, potions, spells, flying broomsticks , centaurs and other magical creatures, and the Philosopher's Stone , beside others invented by Rowling.
While the fantasy land of Narnia is an alternate universe and the Lord of the Rings ' Middle-earth a mythic past, the wizarding world of Harry Potter exists parallel to the real world and contains magical versions of the ordinary elements of everyday life, with the action mostly set in Scotland Hogwarts , the West Country, Devon, London, and Surrey in southeast England.
When the first novel of the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone , opens, it is apparent that some significant event has taken place in the wizarding world — an event so very remarkable that even Muggles non-magical people notice signs of it.
The full background to this event and Harry Potter's past is revealed gradually throughout the series. After the introductory chapter, the book leaps forward to a time shortly before Harry Potter's eleventh birthday, and it is at this point that his magical background begins to be revealed.
Despite Harry's aunt and uncle's desperate prevention of Harry learning about his abilities, [14] their efforts are in vain. Harry meets a half-giant, Rubeus Hagrid , who is also his first contact with the wizarding world.
Hagrid reveals himself to be the Keeper of Keys and Grounds at Hogwarts as well as some of Harry's history. As its inadvertent saviour from Voldemort's reign of terror, Harry has become a living legend in the wizarding world.
However, at the orders of the venerable and well-known wizard Albus Dumbledore , the orphaned Harry had been placed in the home of his unpleasant Muggle relatives, the Dursleys, who have kept him safe but treated him poorly, including confining him to a cupboard without meals and treating him as their servant.
Hagrid then officially invites Harry to attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a famous magic school in Scotland that educates young teenagers on their magical development for seven years, from age eleven to seventeen.
With Hagrid's help, Harry prepares for and undertakes his first year of study at Hogwarts. As Harry begins to explore the magical world, the reader is introduced to many of the primary locations used throughout the series.
Harry meets most of the main characters and gains his two closest friends: Ron Weasley , a fun-loving member of an ancient, large, happy, but poor wizarding family, and Hermione Granger , a gifted, bright, and hardworking witch of non-magical parentage.
He also discovers a talent of flying on broomsticks and is recruited for his house's Quidditch team, a sport in the wizarding world where players fly on broomsticks.
The first book concludes with Harry's second confrontation with Lord Voldemort, who, in his quest to regain a body, yearns to gain the power of the Philosopher's Stone , a substance that bestows everlasting life and turns any metal into pure gold.
He and his friends investigate a year-old mystery that appears uncannily related to recent sinister events at the school.
Ron's younger sister, Ginny Weasley , enrolls in her first year at Hogwarts, and finds an old notebook in her belongings which turns out to be the diary of a previous student, Tom Marvolo Riddle , written during World War II.
He is later revealed to be Voldemort's younger self, who is bent on ridding the school of "mudbloods", a derogatory term describing wizards and witches of non-magical parentage.
The memory of Tom Riddle resides inside of the diary and when Ginny begins to confide in the diary, Voldemort is able to possess her. Through the diary, Ginny acts on Voldemort's orders and unconsciously opens the "Chamber of Secrets", unleashing an ancient monster, later revealed to be a basilisk , which begins attacking students at Hogwarts.
It kills those who make direct eye contact with it and petrifies those who look at it indirectly. The book also introduces a new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, Gilderoy Lockhart , a highly cheerful, self-conceited wizard with a pretentious facade, later turning out to be a fraud.
Harry discovers that prejudice exists in the Wizarding World through delving into the school's history, and learns that Voldemort's reign of terror was often directed at wizards and witches who were descended from Muggles.
Harry also learns that his ability to speak the snake language Parseltongue is rare and often associated with the Dark Arts.
When Hermione is attacked and petrified, Harry and Ron finally piece together the puzzles and unlock the Chamber of Secrets, with Harry destroying the diary for good and saving Ginny, and, as they learn later, also destroying a part of Voldemort's soul.
The end of the book reveals Lucius Malfoy, Draco's father and rival of Ron and Ginny's father, to be the culprit who slipped the book into Ginny's belongings.
The third novel, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , follows Harry in his third year of magical education. It is the only book in the series which does not feature Lord Voldemort in any form, only being mentioned.
Instead, Harry must deal with the knowledge that he has been targeted by Sirius Black , his father's best friend, and, according to the Wizarding World, an escaped mass murderer who assisted in the murder of Harry's parents.
As Harry struggles with his reaction to the dementors — dark creatures with the power to devour a human soul and feed on despair — which are ostensibly protecting the school, he reaches out to Remus Lupin , a Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher who is eventually revealed to be a werewolf.
Lupin teaches Harry defensive measures which are well above the level of magic generally executed by people his age. Harry comes to know that both Lupin and Black were best friends of his father and that Black was framed by their fourth friend, Peter Pettigrew , who had been hiding as Ron's pet rat, Scabbers.
During Harry's fourth year of school detailed in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , Harry is unwillingly entered as a participant in the Triwizard Tournament, a dangerous yet exciting contest where three "champions", one from each participating school, must compete with each other in three tasks in order to win the Triwizard Cup.
This year, Harry must compete against a witch and a wizard "champion" from overseas schools Beauxbatons and Durmstrang, as well as another Hogwarts student, causing Harry's friends to distance themselves from him.
The point at which the mystery is unravelled marks the series' shift from foreboding and uncertainty into open conflict.
Voldemort's plan to have Crouch use the tournament to bring Harry to Voldemort succeeds. Although Harry manages to escape, Cedric Diggory , the other Hogwarts champion in the tournament, is killed by Peter Pettigrew and Voldemort re-enters the Wizarding World with a physical body.
In response to Voldemort's reappearance, Dumbledore re-activates the Order of the Phoenix , a secret society which works from Sirius Black's dark family home to defeat Voldemort's minions and protect Voldemort's targets, especially Harry.
Despite Harry's description of Voldemort's recent activities, the Ministry of Magic and many others in the magical world refuse to believe that Voldemort has returned.
In an attempt to counter and eventually discredit Dumbledore, who along with Harry is the most prominent voice in the Wizarding World attempting to warn of Voldemort's return, the Ministry appoints Dolores Umbridge as the High Inquisitor of Hogwarts and the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher.
She transforms the school into a dictatorial regime and refuses to allow the students to learn ways to defend themselves against dark magic.
Hermione and Ron form " Dumbledore's Army ", a secret study group in which Harry agrees to teach his classmates the higher-level skills of Defence Against the Dark Arts that he has learned from his previous encounters with Dark wizards.
Through those lessons, Harry begins to develop a crush on the popular and attractive Cho Chang. Juggling schoolwork, Umbridge's incessant and persistent efforts to land him in trouble and the defensive lessons, Harry begins to lose sleep as he constantly receives disturbing dreams about a dark corridor in the Ministry of Magic, followed by a burning desire to learn more.
An important prophecy concerning Harry and Lord Voldemort is then revealed, [19] and Harry discovers that he and Voldemort have a painful connection, allowing Harry to view some of Voldemort's actions telepathically.
In the novel's climax, Harry is tricked into seeing Sirius tortured and races to the Ministry of Magic.
He and his friends face off against Voldemort's followers nicknamed Death Eaters at the Ministry of Magic. Although the timely arrival of members of the Order of the Phoenix saves the teenagers' lives, Sirius Black is killed in the conflict.
Harry and his friends are relatively protected from that danger at Hogwarts. They are subject to all the difficulties of adolescence — Harry eventually begins dating Ginny, Ron establishes a strong infatuation with fellow Hogwarts student Lavender Brown , and Hermione starts to develop romantic feelings towards Ron.
Near the beginning of the novel, lacking his own book, Harry is given an old potions textbook filled with many annotations and recommendations signed by a mysterious writer titled; "the Half-Blood Prince".
This book is a source of scholastic success and great recognition from their new potions master, Horace Slughorn , but because of the potency of the spells that are written in it, becomes a source of concern.
With war drawing near, Harry takes private lessons with Dumbledore, who shows him various memories concerning the early life of Voldemort in a device called a Pensieve.
These reveal that in order to preserve his life, Voldemort has split his soul into pieces, used to create a series of Horcruxes — evil enchanted items hidden in various locations, one of which was the diary destroyed in the second book.
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , the last original novel in the series, begins directly after the events of the sixth book. Lord Voldemort has completed his ascension to power and gained control of the Ministry of Magic.
Harry, Ron and Hermione drop out of school so that they can find and destroy Voldemort's remaining Horcruxes.
To ensure their own safety as well as that of their family and friends, they are forced to isolate themselves.
A ghoul pretends to be Ron ill with a contagious disease, Harry and the Dursleys separate, and Hermione wipes her parents' memories and sends them abroad.
As the trio searches for the Horcruxes, they learn details about an ancient prophecy of the Deathly Hallows, three legendary items that when united under one Keeper, would supposedly allow that person to be the Master of Death.
Harry discovers his handy Invisibility Cloak to be one of those items, and Voldemort to be searching for another: the Elder Wand, the most powerful wand in history.
At the end of the book, Harry and his friends learn about Dumbledore's past, as well as Snape's true motives — he had worked on Dumbledore's behalf since the murder of Harry's mother.
Eventually, Snape is killed by Voldemort out of paranoia. The book culminates in the Battle of Hogwarts. Harry, Ron and Hermione, in conjunction with members of the Order of the Phoenix and many of the teachers and students, defend Hogwarts from Voldemort, his Death Eaters, and various dangerous magical creatures.
Several major characters are killed in the first wave of the battle, including Remus Lupin and Fred Weasley , Ron's older brother. After learning that he himself is a Horcrux, Harry surrenders himself to Voldemort in the Forbidden Forest, who casts a killing curse Avada Kedavra at him.
The defenders of Hogwarts do not surrender after learning of Harry's presumed death and continue to fight on. Harry awakens and faces Voldemort, whose Horcruxes have all been destroyed.
In the final battle, Voldemort's killing curse rebounds off Harry's defensive spell Expelliarmus , killing Voldemort. An epilogue "Nineteen Years Later" set on 1 September [21] describes the lives of the surviving characters and the effects of Voldemort's death on the Wizarding World.
In the epilogue, Harry and Ginny are married with three children, and Ron and Hermione are married with two children. Rowling expanded the Harry Potter universe with several short books produced for various charities.
Proceeds from the sale of these two books benefited the charity Comic Relief. The book was published internationally on 4 December In , Rowling launched a new website announcing an upcoming project called Pottermore.
The main purpose of the website was to allow the user to journey through the story with access to content not revealed by JK Rowling previously, with over 18, words of additional content.
In September , the website was completely overhauled and most of the features were removed. The site has been redesigned and it mainly focuses on the information already available, rather than exploration.
The Harry Potter novels are mainly directed at a young adult audience as opposed to an audience of middle grade readers, children, or adults. The novels fall into the genre of fantasy literature , and qualify as a type of fantasy called " urban fantasy ", "contemporary fantasy", or " low fantasy ".
They are mainly dramas, and maintain a fairly serious and dark tone throughout, though they do contain some notable instances of tragicomedy and black humour.
In many respects, they are also examples of the bildungsroman , or coming of age novel, [34] and contain elements of mystery , adventure, horror , thriller , and romance.
The books are also, in the words of Stephen King , "shrewd mystery tales", [35] and each book is constructed in the manner of a Sherlock Holmes -style mystery adventure.
The stories are told from a third person limited point of view with very few exceptions such as the opening chapters of Philosopher's Stone , Goblet of Fire and Deathly Hallows and the first two chapters of Half-Blood Prince.
Clare's and the Naughtiest Girl series, and Frank Richards's Billy Bunter novels: the Harry Potter books are predominantly set in Hogwarts , a fictional British boarding school for wizards, where the curriculum includes the use of magic.
The Harry Potter stories feature medieval imagery and motifs drawn from the King Arthur stories. Hogwarts resembles a medieval university-cum-castle with several professors who belonging to an Order of Merlin; Old Professor Binns still lectures about the International Warlock Convention of ; and a real historical person, a 14th-century scribe, Sir Nicolas Flamel , is described as a holder of the Philosopher's Stone.
Many of the motifs of the Potter stories such as the hero's quest invoking objects that confer invisibility, magical animals and trees, a forest full of danger and the recognition of a character based upon scars are drawn from medieval French Arthurian romances.
Arnden and Lorenz wrote about the similarity between the Arthurian romances, where Camelot is a place of wonder and safety, and from where the heroic knights must venture forth facing various perils, usually in an enchanted forest; and Hogwarts, likewise a wondrous safe place, where Harry Potter and friends must periodically venture forth from to the magical forest that surrounds Hogwarts.
Like an Arthurian knight, Harry receives advice and encouragement from his mentor, Albus Dumbledore, who resembles both Merlin and King Arthur, but must vanquish his foes alone.
Both Percival and Potter are however outsiders in the places that they belong, unfamiliar with the rules of knighthood and magic, but both show extraordinary natural abilities with Percival proving himself an exceptional fighter while Potter is an excellent player of Quidditch.
Each of the seven books is set over the course of one school year. Harry struggles with the problems he encounters, and dealing with them often involves the need to violate some school rules.
If students are caught breaking rules, they are often disciplined by Hogwarts professors. The stories reach their climax in the summer term , near or just after final exams , when events escalate far beyond in-school squabbles and struggles, and Harry must confront either Voldemort or one of his followers, the Death Eaters , with the stakes a matter of life and death — a point underlined, as the series progresses, by characters being killed in each of the final four books.
According to Rowling, a major theme in the series is death: "My books are largely about death. They open with the death of Harry's parents.
There is Voldemort's obsession with conquering death and his quest for immortality at any price, the goal of anyone with magic.
I so understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death. We're all frightened of it. Rowling stated that " Harry Potter books have always, in fact, dealt explicitly with religious themes and questions" and that she did not reveal its Christian parallels in the beginning because doing so would have "give[n] too much away to fans who might then see the parallels".
Hermione Granger teaches Harry Potter that the meaning of these verses from the Christian Bible are "living beyond death. Living after death", which Rowling states is "one of the central foundations of resurrection theology " and that these bible verses "epitomize the whole series".
In the seventh novel, Harry speaks with and questions the deceased Dumbledore much like a person of faith would talk to and question God.
Academics and journalists have developed many other interpretations of themes in the books, some more complex than others, and some including political subtexts.
Themes such as normality , oppression, survival, and overcoming imposing odds have all been considered as prevalent throughout the series.
Rowling has also been praised for her nuanced depiction of the ways in which death and violence affects youth, and humanity as a whole.
Rowling said that, to her, the moral significance of the tales seems "blindingly obvious". The key for her was the choice between what is right and what is easy, "because that In , Rowling was on a crowded train from Manchester to London when the idea for Harry suddenly "fell into her head".
Rowling gives an account of the experience on her website saying: [51]. I simply sat and thought, for four delayed train hours, and all the details bubbled up in my brain, and this scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy who did not know he was a wizard became more and more real to me.
Rowling completed Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in and the manuscript was sent off to several prospective agents.
She elected to use J. Rowling Joanne Kathleen Rowling , using her grandmother's name as her second name because she has no middle name. The series has been translated into 80 languages, [3] placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history.
The first volume has been translated into Latin and even Ancient Greek , [70] making it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD.
Some of the translators hired to work on the books were well-known authors before their work on Harry Potter , such as Viktor Golyshev , who oversaw the Russian translation of the series' fifth book.
The Turkish translation of books two to seven was undertaken by Sevin Okyay , a popular literary critic and cultural commentator.
This led to more and more copies of the English editions being sold to impatient fans in non-English speaking countries; for example, such was the clamour to read the fifth book that its English language edition became the first English-language book ever to top the best-seller list in France.
The United States editions were adapted into American English to make them more understandable to a young American audience.
In December , Rowling stated on her web site, " will be the year when I write the final book in the Harry Potter series.
The book itself was finished on 11 January in the Balmoral Hotel , Edinburgh, where she scrawled a message on the back of a bust of Hermes.
It read: "J. Rowling herself has stated that the last chapter of the final book in fact, the epilogue was completed "in something like ".
On 28 March , the cover art for the Bloomsbury Adult and Child versions and the Scholastic version were released. In September , Rowling mentioned in an interview that she might go back to make a " director's cut " of two of the existing Harry Potter books.
For cover art, Bloomsbury chose painted art in a classic style of design, with the first cover a watercolour and pencil drawing by illustrator Thomas Taylor showing Harry boarding the Hogwarts Express, and a title in the font Cochin Bold.
These covers were created by first Cliff Wright and then Jason Cockroft. Due to the appeal of the books among an adult audience, Bloomsbury commissioned a second line of editions in an 'adult' style.
These initially used black-and-white photographic art for the covers showing objects from the books including a very American Hogwarts Express without depicting people, but later shifted to partial colourisation with a picture of Slytherin's locket on the cover of the final book.
Fans of the series were so eager for the latest instalment that bookstores around the world began holding events to coincide with the midnight release of the books, beginning with the publication of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
The events, commonly featuring mock sorting, games, face painting, and other live entertainment have achieved popularity with Potter fans and have been highly successful in attracting fans and selling books with nearly nine million of the The final book in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows became the fastest selling book in history, moving 11 million units in the first twenty-four hours of release.
The word Muggle has spread beyond its Harry Potter origins, becoming one of few pop culture words to land in the Oxford English Dictionary.
Both MuggleCast and PotterCast [94] have reached the top spot of iTunes podcast rankings and have been polled one of the top 50 favourite podcasts.
Some lessons identified in the series include diversity, acceptance, political tolerance, and equality.
Surveys of over 1, college students in the United States show that those who read the books were significantly different from those who had not.
Readers of the series were found to be more tolerant, more opposed to violence and torture, less authoritarian, and less cynical. Although it is not known if this is a cause-and-effect relationship, there is a clear correlation, and it seems that Harry Potter's cultural impact may be stronger than just a fandom bond.
Many fan fiction and fan art works about Harry Potter have been made. In March , "Harry Potter" was the most commonly searched fan fiction subject on the internet.
The sport Quidditch , played by characters in the Harry Potter series, was created in and is played worldwide including at universities such as Harvard University , Yale University , and Washington University in St.
The popularity of the Harry Potter series has translated into substantial financial success for Rowling, her publishers, and other Harry Potter related license holders.
This success has made Rowling the first and thus far only billionaire author. The great demand for Harry Potter books motivated The New York Times to create a separate best-seller list for children's literature in , just before the release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
By 24 June , Rowling's novels had been on the list for 79 straight weeks; the first three novels were each on the hardcover best-seller list.
Together, Amazon. Early in its history, Harry Potter received positive reviews. On publication, the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone , attracted attention from the Scottish newspapers, such as The Scotsman , which said it had "all the makings of a classic," [] and The Glasgow Herald , which called it "Magic stuff".
By the time of the release of the fifth book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the books began to receive strong criticism from a number of literary scholars.
Byatt authored an op-ed article in The New York Times calling Rowling's universe a "secondary secondary world, made up of intelligently patchworked derivative motifs from all sorts of children's literature Michael Rosen , a novelist and poet, advocated the books were not suited for children, as they would be unable to grasp the complex themes.
Rosen also stated that "J. Rowling is more of an adult writer. His overall view of the series was negative — "the Potter saga was essentially patronising, conservative, highly derivative, dispiritingly nostalgic for a bygone Britain," and he speaks of "a pedestrian, ungrammatical prose style.
Le Guin said, "I have no great opinion of it. When so many adult critics were carrying on about the 'incredible originality' of the first Harry Potter book, I read it to find out what the fuss was about, and remained somewhat puzzled; it seemed a lively kid's fantasy crossed with a ' school novel ,' good fare for its age group, but stylistically ordinary, imaginatively derivative, and ethically rather mean-spirited.
By contrast, author Fay Weldon , while admitting that the series is "not what the poets hoped for," nevertheless goes on to say, "but this is not poetry, it is readable, saleable, everyday, useful prose.
Wilson praised the Harry Potter series in The Times , stating, "There are not many writers who have JK's Dickensian ability to make us turn the pages, to weep — openly, with tears splashing — and a few pages later to laugh, at invariably good jokes We have lived through a decade in which we have followed the publication of the liveliest, funniest, scariest and most moving children's stories ever written.
Charles Taylor of Salon. While he conceded that she may have "a valid cultural point — a teeny one — about the impulses that drive us to reassuring pop trash and away from the troubling complexities of art," [] he rejected her claims that the series is lacking in serious literary merit and that it owes its success merely to the childhood reassurances it offers.
Taylor stressed the progressively darker tone of the books, shown by the murder of a classmate and close friend and the psychological wounds and social isolation each causes.
Taylor also argued that Philosopher's Stone , said to be the most light-hearted of the seven published books, disrupts the childhood reassurances that Byatt claims spur the series' success: the book opens with news of a double murder , for example.
Stephen King called the series "a feat of which only a superior imagination is capable," and declared "Rowling's punning, one-eyebrow-cocked sense of humor" to be "remarkable".
However, he wrote that despite the story being "a good one," he is "a little tired of discovering Harry at home with his horrible aunt and uncle," the formulaic beginning of all seven books.
Sameer Rahim of The Daily Telegraph disagreed, saying "It depresses me to see and year-olds reading the series when they could be reading the great novels of childhood such as Oliver Twist or A House for Mr Biswas.
What that says about the adults who are fanatical fans I'm not sure — but I suspect in years to come people will make a link between our plump, comfortable, infantilising society and the popularity of Potter.
There is ongoing discussion regarding the extent to which the series was inspired by Tolkien 's Lord of the Rings books.
Although Time magazine named Rowling as a runner-up for its Person of the Year award, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fandom , [] cultural comments on the series have been mixed.
The Washington Post book critic Ron Charles opined in July that the large numbers of adults reading the Potter series but few other books may represent a "bad case of cultural infantilism", and that the straightforward "good vs.
He also argued "through no fault of Rowling's", the cultural and marketing "hysteria" marked by the publication of the later books "trains children and adults to expect the roar of the coliseum, a mass-media experience that no other novel can possibly provide".
Librarian Nancy Knapp pointed out the books' potential to improve literacy by motivating children to read much more than they otherwise would.
Agreeing about the motivating effects, Diane Penrod also praised the books' blending of simple entertainment with "the qualities of highbrow literary fiction", but expressed concern about the distracting effect of the prolific merchandising that accompanies the book launches.
Research by the National Endowment for the Arts NEA has found no increase in reading among children coinciding with the Harry Potter publishing phenomenon, nor has the broader downward trend in reading among Americans been arrested during the rise in the popularity of the Harry Potter books.
The trouble is that one Harry Potter novel every few years is not enough to reverse the decline in reading. Jennifer Conn used Snape's and Quidditch coach Madam Hooch's teaching methods as examples of what to avoid and what to emulate in clinical teaching, [] and Joyce Fields wrote that the books illustrate four of the five main topics in a typical first-year sociology class: "sociological concepts including culture, society, and socialisation ; stratification and social inequality ; social institutions ; and social theory ".
From the early s onwards several news reports appeared in the UK of the Harry Potter book and movie series driving demand for pet owls [] and even reports that after the end of the movie series these same pet owls were now being abandoned by their owners.
Rowling to issue several statements urging Harry Potter fans to refrain from purchasing pet owls. Jenny Sawyer wrote in The Christian Science Monitor on 25 July that the books represent a "disturbing trend in commercial storytelling and Western society" in that stories' "moral center [sic] have all but vanished from much of today's pop culture Rowling's towering achievement lacks the cornerstone of almost all great children's literature: the hero's moral journey".
Harry Potter, Sawyer argues, neither faces a "moral struggle" nor undergoes any ethical growth, and is thus "no guide in circumstances in which right and wrong are anything less than black and white".
She also noted the "deeper magic" by which the self-sacrifice of Harry's mother protects the boy throughout the series, and which the power-hungry Voldemort fails to understand.
In an 8 November Slate article, Chris Suellentrop likened Potter to a "trust-fund kid whose success at school is largely attributable to the gifts his friends and relatives lavish upon him".
Noting that in Rowling's fiction, magical ability potential is "something you are born to, not something you can achieve", Suellentrop wrote that Dumbledore's maxim that "It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities" is hypocritical, as "the school that Dumbledore runs values native gifts above all else".
In , coinciding with the release of the film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1, a series of articles were written about Private Harry Potter of the British army.
His grave, located in the British cemetery in Ramla , Israel , began to receive curious visitors leading the Ramla Municipality to list it on their website.
In , an article written by Diana C. Mutz compares the politics of Harry Potter to the Donald Trump presidential campaign. She states that 3 themes throughout the books are widely predominant '1 the value of tolerance and respect for difference; 2 opposition to violence and punitiveness; and 3 the dangers of authoritarianism.
The books have been the subject of a number of legal proceedings , stemming from various conflicts over copyright and trademark infringements.
The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros.
The books also aroused controversies in the literary and publishing worlds. From to , Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone won almost all the UK awards judged by children, but none of the children's book awards judged by adults, [] and Sandra Beckett suggested the reason was intellectual snobbery towards books that were popular among children.
In , shortly before the publication of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , the previous three Harry Potter books topped The New York Times fiction best-seller list and a third of the entries were children's books.
The newspaper created a new children's section covering children's books, including both fiction and non-fiction, and initially counting only hardback sales.
The move was supported by publishers and booksellers. Doubtfire and proven experience with directing children as influences for their decision. After extensive casting , filming began in October at Leavesden Film Studios and in London itself, with production ending in July Just three days after the film's release, production for Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , also directed by Columbus, began.
Filming was completed in summer , with the film being released on 15 November Columbus declined to direct Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , only acting as producer.
Due to the fourth film beginning its production before the third's release, Mike Newell was chosen as the director for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , released on 18 November Production began in January and the film was released the following year in July In March , Warner Bros.
Horn announced that the final instalment in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , would be released in two cinematic parts: Part 1 on 19 November and Part 2 on 15 July Production of both parts started in February , with the final day of principal photography taking place on 12 June Rowling had creative control on the film series, observing the filmmaking process of Philosopher's Stone and serving as producer on the two-part Deathly Hallows , alongside David Heyman and David Barron.
Philosopher's Stone was the highest-grossing Harry Potter film up until the release of the final instalment of the series, Deathly Hallows Part 2 , while Prisoner of Azkaban grossed the least.
Opinions of the films are generally divided among fans, with one group preferring the more faithful approach of the first two films, and another group preferring the more stylised character-driven approach of the later films.
Obviously films have restrictions novels do not have, constraints of time and budget; I can create dazzling effects relying on nothing but the interaction of my own and my readers' imaginations".
A new prequel series consisting of five films will take place before the main series. A number of other non-interactive media games and board games have been released such as Cluedo Harry Potter Edition , Scene It?
Harry Potter and Lego Harry Potter models, which are influenced by the themes of both the novels and films. There are thirteen Harry Potter video games, eight corresponding with the films and books and five spin-offs.
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone went on to become one of the best-selling PlayStation games ever. Objectives usually occur in and around Hogwarts , along with various other magical areas.
The story and design of the games follow the selected film's characterisation and plot; EA worked closely with Warner Bros.
The last game in the series, Deathly Hallows , was split, with Part 1 released in November and Part 2 debuting on consoles in July The two-part game forms the first entry to convey an intense theme of action and violence, with the gameplay revolving around a third-person shooter style format.
Interactive Entertainment. In , Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment opened its own Harry Potter-themed game design studio, by the name of Portkey Games , before releasing Hogwarts Mystery in , developed by Jam City.
All seven Harry Potter books have been released in unabridged audiobook versions, with Stephen Fry reading the UK editions and Jim Dale voicing the series for the American editions.
The script was released as a book at the time of the premiere, with a revised version following the next year. It takes place at the same time of the book series but focuses on the " Puffs ", who only wish to be in as much glory as Mr.
However, Puffs soon transferred to a more prominent off-broadway space, New World Stages , where it played from July 17, — August 18, Soon after, a production was performed at The Entertainment Quarter in Sydney, Australia for a limited run.
Since then, the rights to the show has been released including a junior version through Samuel French, Inc. A Patreon link was included in the bio of the livestream and all the proceeds from the event went to Queens Feeds Hospitals.
The proceeds from this event went to the New York Humane Society. The proceeds went to the Ali Forney Center.
All of these readings were performed over Zoom and broadcast live on YouTube. The land officially opened to the public on 18 June Other rides include Dragon Challenge , a pair of inverted roller coasters , and Flight of the Hippogriff , a family roller coaster.
It includes a re-creation of Diagon Alley and connecting alleys and a small section of Muggle London. The flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts roller coaster ride.
The Making of Harry Potter is a behind-the-scenes walking tour featuring authentic sets, costumes and props from the film series.
The attraction is located at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden , where all eight of the Harry Potter films were made. Warner Bros. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the series of novels. For other uses, including related topics and derivative works, see Harry Potter disambiguation.
For the character in the series, see Harry Potter character. For the film adaptations, see Harry Potter film series.
For the franchise as a whole, see Wizarding World. Fantasy literature series by J. Further information: Fictional universe of Harry Potter.
See also: J. Main article: Harry Potter influences and analogues. Main article: Harry Potter in translation.
Further information: Harry Potter fandom. See also: List of best-selling books. Main article: Harry Potter film series. Main article: Fantastic Beasts film series.
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Beyond Hogwarts. Archived from the original on 18 September Retrieved 9 September Archived from the original on 28 December Retrieved 7 September Archived from the original on 26 July As the series progressed, each cinematographer faced the challenge of shooting and lighting older sets which had been around since the first few films in unique and different ways.
Michael Seresin commented on the change of visual style from the first two films to Prisoner of Azkaban : "The lighting is moodier, with more shadowing and cross-lighting.
This decision was kept for the two-part Deathly Hallows with Eduardo Serra, who said that he preferred to work with film because it was "more technically accurate and dependable".
Because the majority of Deathly Hallows takes place in various settings away from Hogwarts, David Yates wanted to "shake things up" by using different photographic techniques such as using hand-held cameras and very wide camera lenses.
You have to know what is being captured — colours, contrast, et cetera — with mathematical precision. Along with continuous changes in cinematographers, there have been five film editors to work in post-production on the series: Richard Francis-Bruce edited the first instalment, Peter Honess the second, Steven Weisberg the third, Mick Audsley the fourth, and Mark Day films five through eight.
The Harry Potter series has had four composers. However, the second entry was adapted and conducted by William Ross due to Williams's conflicting commitments.
Williams also created Hedwig's Theme , which is used in every film in the series. After Williams left the series to pursue other projects, Patrick Doyle scored the fourth entry, Goblet of Fire , which was directed by Mike Newell , with whom Doyle had worked previously.
Hooper also composed the soundtrack to Half-Blood Prince but decided not to return for the final films. Pope commented that the music "reminds one of the old days.
Director David Yates stated that he wanted John Williams to return to the series for the final installment, but their schedules did not align due to the urgent demand for a rough cut of the film.
Doyle, Hooper, and Desplat introduced their own personal themes to their respective soundtracks, while keeping a few of John Williams's themes.
There have been many visual effects companies to work on the Harry Potter series. The latter three have worked on all the films in the series, while Double Negative and Rising Sun Pictures began their commitments with Prisoner of Azkaban and Goblet of Fire , respectively.
Framestore contributed by developing many memorable creatures and sequences to the series. On the first film, all the complicated visual effects were done on the [US] west coast.
But on the second, we took a leap of faith and gave much of what would normally be given to Californian vendors to UK ones.
They came up trumps. Every facility is fully booked, and that wasn't the case before Harry Potter. That's really significant. On 12 June , filming of the Deathly Hallows — Part 1 and Part 2 was completed with actor Warwick Davis stating on his Twitter account, "The end of an Era — today is officially the last day of principal photography on 'Harry Potter' — ever.
I feel honoured to be here as the director shouts cut for the very last time. The filming was completed on 21 December , marking the official closure of filming the Harry Potter franchise.
Rowling 's official website revealed the title of the final novel in the series — Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Harry Potter is an orphaned boy brought up by his unkind Muggle non-magical aunt and uncle.
At the age of eleven, half-giant Rubeus Hagrid informs him that he is actually a wizard and that his parents were murdered by an evil wizard named Lord Voldemort.
Voldemort also attempted to kill one-year-old Harry on the same night, but his killing curse mysteriously rebounded and reduced him to a weak and helpless form.
Harry became extremely famous in the Wizarding World as a result. Harry begins his first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and learns about magic.
During the year, Harry and his friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger become entangled in the mystery of the Philosopher's Stone which is being kept within the school.
Harry, Ron, and Hermione return to Hogwarts for their second year, which proves to be more challenging than the last. The Chamber of Secrets has been opened, leaving students and ghosts petrified by an unleashed monster.
Harry must face up to claims that he is the heir of Salazar Slytherin founder of the Chamber , learn that he can speak Parseltongue , and also discover the properties of a mysterious diary, only to find himself trapped within the Chamber of Secrets itself.
Harry Potter's third year sees the boy wizard, along with his friends, attending Hogwarts School once again. Professor R.
Harry learns more about his past and his connection with the escaped prisoner. During Harry's fourth year, Hogwarts plays host to a legendary event: the Triwizard Tournament.
Three European schools participate in the tournament, with three 'champions' representing each school in the deadly tasks.
However, curiously, Harry's name is also produced from the Goblet thus making him a fourth champion, which results in a terrifying encounter with a reborn Lord Voldemort.
Harry's fifth year begins with him being attacked by Dementors in Little Whinging. Later, he finds out that the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return.
Harry is also beset by disturbing and realistic nightmares, while Professor Umbridge , a representative of Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge , is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher.
Harry becomes aware that Voldemort is after a prophecy which reveals: "neither can live while the other survives". The rebellion involving the students of Hogwarts, secret organisation Order of the Phoenix , the Ministry of Magic, and the Death Eaters begins.
Headmaster Albus Dumbledore persuades his old friend Horace Slughorn to return to Hogwarts as a professor as there is a vacancy to fill. There is a more important reason, however, for Slughorn's return.
While in a Potions lesson, Harry takes possession of a strangely annotated school textbook, inscribed 'This is the property of the Half-Blood Prince'.
Draco Malfoy struggles to carry out a deed presented to him by Voldemort. Meanwhile, Dumbledore and Harry secretly work together to discover the method on how to destroy the Dark Lord once and for all.
After unexpected events at the end of the previous year, Harry, Ron, and Hermione are entrusted with a quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort's secret to immortality — the Horcruxes.
It is supposed to be their final year at Hogwarts, but the collapse of the Ministry of Magic and Voldemort's rise to power prevents them from attending.
The trio undergo a long journey with many obstacles in their path including Death Eaters, Snatchers, the mysterious Deathly Hallows , and Harry's connection with the Dark Lord's mind becoming ever stronger.
After destroying one Horcrux and discovering the significance of the three Deathly Hallows, Harry, Ron and Hermione continue to seek the other Horcruxes in an attempt to destroy Voldemort, who has now obtained the powerful Elder Wand.
The Dark Lord discovers Harry's hunt for Horcruxes and launches an attack on Hogwarts School, where the trio return for one last stand against the dark forces that threaten the Wizarding and Muggle worlds.
The rights for the first four novels in the series were sold to Warner Bros. After the release of the fourth book in July , the first film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone , was released on 16 November The succeeding three motion picture adaptations followed suit in financial success, while garnering positive reviews from fans and critics.
The final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , was split into two cinematic parts: Part 1 was released on 19 November , and Part 2 , the conclusion to both the final film and the series, was released on 15 July However, Part 2 was released in 2D and 3D cinemas as originally planned.
All the films have been a success financially and critically, making the franchise one of the major Hollywood "tent-poles" akin to James Bond , Star Wars , Indiana Jones and Pirates of the Caribbean.
The series is noted by audiences for growing visually darker and more mature as each film was released. Some also feel the series has a "disjointed" feel due to the changes in directors, as well as Michael Gambon's interpretation of Albus Dumbledore differing from that of Richard Harris.
Author J. Rowling has been constantly supportive of the films, [83] [84] [85] and evaluated Deathly Hallows as her favourite one in the series.
She wrote on her website of the changes in the book-to-film transition, "It is simply impossible to incorporate every one of my storylines into a film that has to be kept under four hours long.
Obviously films have restrictions — novels do not have constraints of time and budget; I can create dazzling effects relying on nothing but the interaction of my own and my readers' imaginations".
Special awards "are given to outstanding achievements in the moving image that do not fit into AFI's criteria for the other honorees.
Rowling to come to life on the silver screen. The collective wizardry of an epic ensemble gave us the gift of growing older with Harry, Ron and Hermione as the magic of Hogwarts sprung from the films and into the hearts and minds of Muggles around the world.
Six of the eight films were nominated for a total of 12 Academy Awards. Some critics, fans, and general audiences have expressed disappointment that the Harry Potter series did not win any Oscars for its achievements.
However, others have pointed out that certain films in the series had uneven reviews, in contrast to the three films of The Lord of the Rings , for example, which were all critically acclaimed.
This has been partially attributed to the Harry Potter franchise going through several directors with their own styles in contrast to the Lord of the Rings trilogy, which was filmed in one massive undertaking by the same director, writer, and producer.
Although not successful at the Oscars, the Harry Potter series has gained success in many other award ceremonies, including the annual Saturn Awards and Art Directors Guild Awards.
Eduardo Serra 's cinematography and Stuart Craig 's production design were also nominated in various award ceremonies, and David Yates attained his second win at the Empire Awards, this time for Best Fantasy Film.
He also obtained another Best Director nomination at the annual Saturn Awards, which also saw the film gain a Best Fantasy Film nomination.
Without adjusting for inflation, this is higher than the first 22 James Bond films and the six films in the Star Wars franchise.
The Harry Potter films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the film industry.
They are cited as having helped redefine the Hollywood blockbuster in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established media franchises forming the basis of successful films.
In the wake of the final film's release, Claudia Puig of USA Today wrote that the films "inspired every major studio to try to capture [its] alchemic formula, spawning a range of copycats and wannabes" and "also have shown Hollywood how to make a glossy blockbuster with an eye toward keeping costs down.
The films are also credited with signalling the popularity of films based on children's and young adult literature in the s and s, correlating with the book series' own literary influence.
Costance Grady and Aja Romano, commenting on the whole Harry Potter franchise's legacy for Vox in light of its 20th anniversary, wrote that youth-targeted literature has since become "a go-to well of ideas for Hollywood," pointing to the successes of The Twilight Saga and The Hunger Games.
The series has spawned a vast volume of fan fiction, with nearly , inspired stories catalogued, [] and an Italian fan film, Voldemort: Origins of the Heir , which received over twelve million views in ten days on YouTube.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Fantasy film series adaptation of the Harry Potter novels. Harry Potter logo as used in the films.
Pictures Heyday Films Pictures 1 — 3. Release date. Running time. See also: List of Harry Potter cast members. See also: Music of the Harry Potter films.
Main article: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone film. Main article: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets film.
Main article: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban film. Main article: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire film. Main article: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix film.
Each film is linked to the "Critical response" section of its article. Each film title is linked to the "Box office" section of its article.
Most modern blockbuster franchises have two things in common: they are based on known properties such as books and comics, and they are steered by respected but little-known directors.
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Harry awakens and faces Voldemort, whose Horcruxes have all been destroyed. In the final battle, Voldemort's killing curse rebounds off Harry's defensive spell Expelliarmus , killing Voldemort.
An epilogue "Nineteen Years Later" set on 1 September [21] describes the lives of the surviving characters and the effects of Voldemort's death on the Wizarding World.
In the epilogue, Harry and Ginny are married with three children, and Ron and Hermione are married with two children.
Rowling expanded the Harry Potter universe with several short books produced for various charities. Proceeds from the sale of these two books benefited the charity Comic Relief.
The book was published internationally on 4 December In , Rowling launched a new website announcing an upcoming project called Pottermore. The main purpose of the website was to allow the user to journey through the story with access to content not revealed by JK Rowling previously, with over 18, words of additional content.
In September , the website was completely overhauled and most of the features were removed. The site has been redesigned and it mainly focuses on the information already available, rather than exploration.
The Harry Potter novels are mainly directed at a young adult audience as opposed to an audience of middle grade readers, children, or adults.
The novels fall into the genre of fantasy literature , and qualify as a type of fantasy called " urban fantasy ", "contemporary fantasy", or " low fantasy ".
They are mainly dramas, and maintain a fairly serious and dark tone throughout, though they do contain some notable instances of tragicomedy and black humour.
In many respects, they are also examples of the bildungsroman , or coming of age novel, [34] and contain elements of mystery , adventure, horror , thriller , and romance.
The books are also, in the words of Stephen King , "shrewd mystery tales", [35] and each book is constructed in the manner of a Sherlock Holmes -style mystery adventure.
The stories are told from a third person limited point of view with very few exceptions such as the opening chapters of Philosopher's Stone , Goblet of Fire and Deathly Hallows and the first two chapters of Half-Blood Prince.
Clare's and the Naughtiest Girl series, and Frank Richards's Billy Bunter novels: the Harry Potter books are predominantly set in Hogwarts , a fictional British boarding school for wizards, where the curriculum includes the use of magic.
The Harry Potter stories feature medieval imagery and motifs drawn from the King Arthur stories. Hogwarts resembles a medieval university-cum-castle with several professors who belonging to an Order of Merlin; Old Professor Binns still lectures about the International Warlock Convention of ; and a real historical person, a 14th-century scribe, Sir Nicolas Flamel , is described as a holder of the Philosopher's Stone.
Many of the motifs of the Potter stories such as the hero's quest invoking objects that confer invisibility, magical animals and trees, a forest full of danger and the recognition of a character based upon scars are drawn from medieval French Arthurian romances.
Arnden and Lorenz wrote about the similarity between the Arthurian romances, where Camelot is a place of wonder and safety, and from where the heroic knights must venture forth facing various perils, usually in an enchanted forest; and Hogwarts, likewise a wondrous safe place, where Harry Potter and friends must periodically venture forth from to the magical forest that surrounds Hogwarts.
Like an Arthurian knight, Harry receives advice and encouragement from his mentor, Albus Dumbledore, who resembles both Merlin and King Arthur, but must vanquish his foes alone.
Both Percival and Potter are however outsiders in the places that they belong, unfamiliar with the rules of knighthood and magic, but both show extraordinary natural abilities with Percival proving himself an exceptional fighter while Potter is an excellent player of Quidditch.
Each of the seven books is set over the course of one school year. Harry struggles with the problems he encounters, and dealing with them often involves the need to violate some school rules.
If students are caught breaking rules, they are often disciplined by Hogwarts professors. The stories reach their climax in the summer term , near or just after final exams , when events escalate far beyond in-school squabbles and struggles, and Harry must confront either Voldemort or one of his followers, the Death Eaters , with the stakes a matter of life and death — a point underlined, as the series progresses, by characters being killed in each of the final four books.
According to Rowling, a major theme in the series is death: "My books are largely about death. They open with the death of Harry's parents.
There is Voldemort's obsession with conquering death and his quest for immortality at any price, the goal of anyone with magic. I so understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death.
We're all frightened of it. Rowling stated that " Harry Potter books have always, in fact, dealt explicitly with religious themes and questions" and that she did not reveal its Christian parallels in the beginning because doing so would have "give[n] too much away to fans who might then see the parallels".
Hermione Granger teaches Harry Potter that the meaning of these verses from the Christian Bible are "living beyond death.
Living after death", which Rowling states is "one of the central foundations of resurrection theology " and that these bible verses "epitomize the whole series".
In the seventh novel, Harry speaks with and questions the deceased Dumbledore much like a person of faith would talk to and question God.
Academics and journalists have developed many other interpretations of themes in the books, some more complex than others, and some including political subtexts.
Themes such as normality , oppression, survival, and overcoming imposing odds have all been considered as prevalent throughout the series.
Rowling has also been praised for her nuanced depiction of the ways in which death and violence affects youth, and humanity as a whole.
Rowling said that, to her, the moral significance of the tales seems "blindingly obvious". The key for her was the choice between what is right and what is easy, "because that In , Rowling was on a crowded train from Manchester to London when the idea for Harry suddenly "fell into her head".
Rowling gives an account of the experience on her website saying: [51]. I simply sat and thought, for four delayed train hours, and all the details bubbled up in my brain, and this scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy who did not know he was a wizard became more and more real to me.
Rowling completed Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in and the manuscript was sent off to several prospective agents.
She elected to use J. Rowling Joanne Kathleen Rowling , using her grandmother's name as her second name because she has no middle name.
The series has been translated into 80 languages, [3] placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history. The first volume has been translated into Latin and even Ancient Greek , [70] making it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD.
Some of the translators hired to work on the books were well-known authors before their work on Harry Potter , such as Viktor Golyshev , who oversaw the Russian translation of the series' fifth book.
The Turkish translation of books two to seven was undertaken by Sevin Okyay , a popular literary critic and cultural commentator. This led to more and more copies of the English editions being sold to impatient fans in non-English speaking countries; for example, such was the clamour to read the fifth book that its English language edition became the first English-language book ever to top the best-seller list in France.
The United States editions were adapted into American English to make them more understandable to a young American audience.
In December , Rowling stated on her web site, " will be the year when I write the final book in the Harry Potter series.
The book itself was finished on 11 January in the Balmoral Hotel , Edinburgh, where she scrawled a message on the back of a bust of Hermes. It read: "J.
Rowling herself has stated that the last chapter of the final book in fact, the epilogue was completed "in something like ".
On 28 March , the cover art for the Bloomsbury Adult and Child versions and the Scholastic version were released. In September , Rowling mentioned in an interview that she might go back to make a " director's cut " of two of the existing Harry Potter books.
For cover art, Bloomsbury chose painted art in a classic style of design, with the first cover a watercolour and pencil drawing by illustrator Thomas Taylor showing Harry boarding the Hogwarts Express, and a title in the font Cochin Bold.
These covers were created by first Cliff Wright and then Jason Cockroft. Due to the appeal of the books among an adult audience, Bloomsbury commissioned a second line of editions in an 'adult' style.
These initially used black-and-white photographic art for the covers showing objects from the books including a very American Hogwarts Express without depicting people, but later shifted to partial colourisation with a picture of Slytherin's locket on the cover of the final book.
Fans of the series were so eager for the latest instalment that bookstores around the world began holding events to coincide with the midnight release of the books, beginning with the publication of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
The events, commonly featuring mock sorting, games, face painting, and other live entertainment have achieved popularity with Potter fans and have been highly successful in attracting fans and selling books with nearly nine million of the The final book in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows became the fastest selling book in history, moving 11 million units in the first twenty-four hours of release.
The word Muggle has spread beyond its Harry Potter origins, becoming one of few pop culture words to land in the Oxford English Dictionary.
Both MuggleCast and PotterCast [94] have reached the top spot of iTunes podcast rankings and have been polled one of the top 50 favourite podcasts.
Some lessons identified in the series include diversity, acceptance, political tolerance, and equality. Surveys of over 1, college students in the United States show that those who read the books were significantly different from those who had not.
Readers of the series were found to be more tolerant, more opposed to violence and torture, less authoritarian, and less cynical.
Although it is not known if this is a cause-and-effect relationship, there is a clear correlation, and it seems that Harry Potter's cultural impact may be stronger than just a fandom bond.
Many fan fiction and fan art works about Harry Potter have been made. In March , "Harry Potter" was the most commonly searched fan fiction subject on the internet.
The sport Quidditch , played by characters in the Harry Potter series, was created in and is played worldwide including at universities such as Harvard University , Yale University , and Washington University in St.
The popularity of the Harry Potter series has translated into substantial financial success for Rowling, her publishers, and other Harry Potter related license holders.
This success has made Rowling the first and thus far only billionaire author. The great demand for Harry Potter books motivated The New York Times to create a separate best-seller list for children's literature in , just before the release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
By 24 June , Rowling's novels had been on the list for 79 straight weeks; the first three novels were each on the hardcover best-seller list.
Together, Amazon. Early in its history, Harry Potter received positive reviews. On publication, the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone , attracted attention from the Scottish newspapers, such as The Scotsman , which said it had "all the makings of a classic," [] and The Glasgow Herald , which called it "Magic stuff".
By the time of the release of the fifth book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the books began to receive strong criticism from a number of literary scholars.
Byatt authored an op-ed article in The New York Times calling Rowling's universe a "secondary secondary world, made up of intelligently patchworked derivative motifs from all sorts of children's literature Michael Rosen , a novelist and poet, advocated the books were not suited for children, as they would be unable to grasp the complex themes.
Rosen also stated that "J. Rowling is more of an adult writer. His overall view of the series was negative — "the Potter saga was essentially patronising, conservative, highly derivative, dispiritingly nostalgic for a bygone Britain," and he speaks of "a pedestrian, ungrammatical prose style.
Le Guin said, "I have no great opinion of it. When so many adult critics were carrying on about the 'incredible originality' of the first Harry Potter book, I read it to find out what the fuss was about, and remained somewhat puzzled; it seemed a lively kid's fantasy crossed with a ' school novel ,' good fare for its age group, but stylistically ordinary, imaginatively derivative, and ethically rather mean-spirited.
By contrast, author Fay Weldon , while admitting that the series is "not what the poets hoped for," nevertheless goes on to say, "but this is not poetry, it is readable, saleable, everyday, useful prose.
Wilson praised the Harry Potter series in The Times , stating, "There are not many writers who have JK's Dickensian ability to make us turn the pages, to weep — openly, with tears splashing — and a few pages later to laugh, at invariably good jokes We have lived through a decade in which we have followed the publication of the liveliest, funniest, scariest and most moving children's stories ever written.
Charles Taylor of Salon. While he conceded that she may have "a valid cultural point — a teeny one — about the impulses that drive us to reassuring pop trash and away from the troubling complexities of art," [] he rejected her claims that the series is lacking in serious literary merit and that it owes its success merely to the childhood reassurances it offers.
Taylor stressed the progressively darker tone of the books, shown by the murder of a classmate and close friend and the psychological wounds and social isolation each causes.
Taylor also argued that Philosopher's Stone , said to be the most light-hearted of the seven published books, disrupts the childhood reassurances that Byatt claims spur the series' success: the book opens with news of a double murder , for example.
Stephen King called the series "a feat of which only a superior imagination is capable," and declared "Rowling's punning, one-eyebrow-cocked sense of humor" to be "remarkable".
However, he wrote that despite the story being "a good one," he is "a little tired of discovering Harry at home with his horrible aunt and uncle," the formulaic beginning of all seven books.
Sameer Rahim of The Daily Telegraph disagreed, saying "It depresses me to see and year-olds reading the series when they could be reading the great novels of childhood such as Oliver Twist or A House for Mr Biswas.
What that says about the adults who are fanatical fans I'm not sure — but I suspect in years to come people will make a link between our plump, comfortable, infantilising society and the popularity of Potter.
There is ongoing discussion regarding the extent to which the series was inspired by Tolkien 's Lord of the Rings books. Although Time magazine named Rowling as a runner-up for its Person of the Year award, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fandom , [] cultural comments on the series have been mixed.
The Washington Post book critic Ron Charles opined in July that the large numbers of adults reading the Potter series but few other books may represent a "bad case of cultural infantilism", and that the straightforward "good vs.
He also argued "through no fault of Rowling's", the cultural and marketing "hysteria" marked by the publication of the later books "trains children and adults to expect the roar of the coliseum, a mass-media experience that no other novel can possibly provide".
Librarian Nancy Knapp pointed out the books' potential to improve literacy by motivating children to read much more than they otherwise would. Agreeing about the motivating effects, Diane Penrod also praised the books' blending of simple entertainment with "the qualities of highbrow literary fiction", but expressed concern about the distracting effect of the prolific merchandising that accompanies the book launches.
Research by the National Endowment for the Arts NEA has found no increase in reading among children coinciding with the Harry Potter publishing phenomenon, nor has the broader downward trend in reading among Americans been arrested during the rise in the popularity of the Harry Potter books.
The trouble is that one Harry Potter novel every few years is not enough to reverse the decline in reading.
Jennifer Conn used Snape's and Quidditch coach Madam Hooch's teaching methods as examples of what to avoid and what to emulate in clinical teaching, [] and Joyce Fields wrote that the books illustrate four of the five main topics in a typical first-year sociology class: "sociological concepts including culture, society, and socialisation ; stratification and social inequality ; social institutions ; and social theory ".
From the early s onwards several news reports appeared in the UK of the Harry Potter book and movie series driving demand for pet owls [] and even reports that after the end of the movie series these same pet owls were now being abandoned by their owners.
Rowling to issue several statements urging Harry Potter fans to refrain from purchasing pet owls. Jenny Sawyer wrote in The Christian Science Monitor on 25 July that the books represent a "disturbing trend in commercial storytelling and Western society" in that stories' "moral center [sic] have all but vanished from much of today's pop culture Rowling's towering achievement lacks the cornerstone of almost all great children's literature: the hero's moral journey".
Harry Potter, Sawyer argues, neither faces a "moral struggle" nor undergoes any ethical growth, and is thus "no guide in circumstances in which right and wrong are anything less than black and white".
She also noted the "deeper magic" by which the self-sacrifice of Harry's mother protects the boy throughout the series, and which the power-hungry Voldemort fails to understand.
In an 8 November Slate article, Chris Suellentrop likened Potter to a "trust-fund kid whose success at school is largely attributable to the gifts his friends and relatives lavish upon him".
Noting that in Rowling's fiction, magical ability potential is "something you are born to, not something you can achieve", Suellentrop wrote that Dumbledore's maxim that "It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities" is hypocritical, as "the school that Dumbledore runs values native gifts above all else".
In , coinciding with the release of the film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1, a series of articles were written about Private Harry Potter of the British army.
His grave, located in the British cemetery in Ramla , Israel , began to receive curious visitors leading the Ramla Municipality to list it on their website.
In , an article written by Diana C. Mutz compares the politics of Harry Potter to the Donald Trump presidential campaign. She states that 3 themes throughout the books are widely predominant '1 the value of tolerance and respect for difference; 2 opposition to violence and punitiveness; and 3 the dangers of authoritarianism.
The books have been the subject of a number of legal proceedings , stemming from various conflicts over copyright and trademark infringements. The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros.
The books also aroused controversies in the literary and publishing worlds. From to , Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone won almost all the UK awards judged by children, but none of the children's book awards judged by adults, [] and Sandra Beckett suggested the reason was intellectual snobbery towards books that were popular among children.
In , shortly before the publication of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , the previous three Harry Potter books topped The New York Times fiction best-seller list and a third of the entries were children's books.
The newspaper created a new children's section covering children's books, including both fiction and non-fiction, and initially counting only hardback sales.
The move was supported by publishers and booksellers. Doubtfire and proven experience with directing children as influences for their decision.
After extensive casting , filming began in October at Leavesden Film Studios and in London itself, with production ending in July Just three days after the film's release, production for Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , also directed by Columbus, began.
Filming was completed in summer , with the film being released on 15 November Columbus declined to direct Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , only acting as producer.
Due to the fourth film beginning its production before the third's release, Mike Newell was chosen as the director for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , released on 18 November Production began in January and the film was released the following year in July In March , Warner Bros.
Horn announced that the final instalment in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , would be released in two cinematic parts: Part 1 on 19 November and Part 2 on 15 July Production of both parts started in February , with the final day of principal photography taking place on 12 June Rowling had creative control on the film series, observing the filmmaking process of Philosopher's Stone and serving as producer on the two-part Deathly Hallows , alongside David Heyman and David Barron.
Philosopher's Stone was the highest-grossing Harry Potter film up until the release of the final instalment of the series, Deathly Hallows Part 2 , while Prisoner of Azkaban grossed the least.
Opinions of the films are generally divided among fans, with one group preferring the more faithful approach of the first two films, and another group preferring the more stylised character-driven approach of the later films.
Obviously films have restrictions novels do not have, constraints of time and budget; I can create dazzling effects relying on nothing but the interaction of my own and my readers' imaginations".
A new prequel series consisting of five films will take place before the main series. A number of other non-interactive media games and board games have been released such as Cluedo Harry Potter Edition , Scene It?
Harry Potter and Lego Harry Potter models, which are influenced by the themes of both the novels and films. There are thirteen Harry Potter video games, eight corresponding with the films and books and five spin-offs.
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone went on to become one of the best-selling PlayStation games ever. Objectives usually occur in and around Hogwarts , along with various other magical areas.
The story and design of the games follow the selected film's characterisation and plot; EA worked closely with Warner Bros.
The last game in the series, Deathly Hallows , was split, with Part 1 released in November and Part 2 debuting on consoles in July The two-part game forms the first entry to convey an intense theme of action and violence, with the gameplay revolving around a third-person shooter style format.
Interactive Entertainment. In , Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment opened its own Harry Potter-themed game design studio, by the name of Portkey Games , before releasing Hogwarts Mystery in , developed by Jam City.
All seven Harry Potter books have been released in unabridged audiobook versions, with Stephen Fry reading the UK editions and Jim Dale voicing the series for the American editions.
The script was released as a book at the time of the premiere, with a revised version following the next year. It takes place at the same time of the book series but focuses on the " Puffs ", who only wish to be in as much glory as Mr.
However, Puffs soon transferred to a more prominent off-broadway space, New World Stages , where it played from July 17, — August 18, Soon after, a production was performed at The Entertainment Quarter in Sydney, Australia for a limited run.
Since then, the rights to the show has been released including a junior version through Samuel French, Inc.
A Patreon link was included in the bio of the livestream and all the proceeds from the event went to Queens Feeds Hospitals.
The proceeds from this event went to the New York Humane Society. The proceeds went to the Ali Forney Center. All of these readings were performed over Zoom and broadcast live on YouTube.
The land officially opened to the public on 18 June Other rides include Dragon Challenge , a pair of inverted roller coasters , and Flight of the Hippogriff , a family roller coaster.
It includes a re-creation of Diagon Alley and connecting alleys and a small section of Muggle London. The flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts roller coaster ride.
The Making of Harry Potter is a behind-the-scenes walking tour featuring authentic sets, costumes and props from the film series.
The attraction is located at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden , where all eight of the Harry Potter films were made. Warner Bros. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the series of novels. For other uses, including related topics and derivative works, see Harry Potter disambiguation.
For the character in the series, see Harry Potter character. For the film adaptations, see Harry Potter film series.
For the franchise as a whole, see Wizarding World. Fantasy literature series by J. Further information: Fictional universe of Harry Potter.
See also: J. Main article: Harry Potter influences and analogues. Main article: Harry Potter in translation. Further information: Harry Potter fandom.
See also: List of best-selling books. Main article: Harry Potter film series. Main article: Fantastic Beasts film series.
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Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Chris Columbus. Steve Kloves. David Heyman. John Williams. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
Mike Newell. Patrick Doyle. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. David Yates. Michael Goldenberg.
David Heyman and David Barron. Nicholas Hooper. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows — Part 1.
David Heyman, David Barron and J. Alexandre Desplat. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows — Part 2.
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